Alzepil (Donepezil) 28's 5 mg coated tablets
- $94.90
Description
Film-coated tablets of white or almost white color, round, biconvex, engraved with " E 381" on one side, odorless or almost odorless.
Excipients : microcrystalline cellulose - 96 mg, hydroxypropyl cellulose
Pharmaco- therapeutic group
Dementia Treatment, Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Storage conditions
The drug should be stored out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C.
Shelf life
The shelf life is 5 years. Do not use the drug after the expiration date.
pharmachologic effect
Selective and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase , which is the main predominant type of cholinesterase in the brain. In vitro, donepezil inhibits this enzyme more than 1000 times more than butyrylcholinesterase , an enzyme that is found mainly outside the CNS.
A single dose of 5 mg or 10 mg in an equilibrium state is accompanied by inhibition of cholinesterase activity (estimated on a model of erythrocyte membranes) by 63.6% and 77.3%, respectively. The ability of donepezil hydrochloride to inhibit erythrocyte cholinesterase activity correlates with changes in results on the ADAS - cog scale , which is a sensitive tool for assessing changes in cognitive function. The ability of donepezil hydrochloride to alter the course of associated neurological changes has not been studied. Thus, donepezil cannot be considered to influence disease progression.
The efficacy of donepezil was investigated in four placebo-controlled studies, two six months and two one year.
In a six-month clinical trial, analysis was performed using three efficacy criteria after completion of donepezil . We used the ADAS - Cog scale (an indicator of cognitive function); a scale of the clinician's impressions of changes based on interviews and data from caregivers (an indicator of overall level of function); subscale of daily activity of the clinical scale for assessing dementia (an indicator of the patient's ability to participate in the life of society, to do household chores, favorite things, to care for himself).
Patients who met the criteria below were considered to have responded to treatment.
Answer = improvement on the ADAS - Cog scale of at least 4 points, no worsening on the CIBIC scale , no worsening on the daily activity subscale of the clinical dementia score.
* p <0.05, ** p <0.01
Donepezil hydrochloride caused a dose-dependent , statistically significant increase in the percentage of patients who were found to be responders.
Indications
Method of application, course and dosage
The drug is taken orally, preferably in the evening before bedtime.
Treatment should be initiated and supervised by a physician experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's dementia . The diagnosis should be based on accepted recommendations, for example, DSM - IV , ICD-10. Treatment with donepezil should only be started with a caregiver who can monitor the drug regularly.
Adults, incl . elderly patients
Treatment begins with the use of the drug at a dose of 5 mg 1 time / day and continues for at least 4 weeks to achieve C ss donepezil and to assess the early clinical effect of therapy.
After 1 month, the dose of Alzepil ® can be increased to 10 mg 1 time / day , which is the maximum recommended daily dose. Doses exceeding 10 mg / day have not been studied in clinical studies.
Maintenance therapy can be continued as long as the therapeutic effect persists, which should be regularly evaluated. In the absence of a therapeutic effect, treatment withdrawal should be considered.
After discontinuation of the drug, there may be a gradual decrease in the beneficial effect of treatment.
Patients with impaired renal function do not need to change the treatment regimen, because this condition does not affect the clearance of donepezil .
Due to a possible increase in exposure in case of mild or moderate liver dysfunction, the dose of the drug should be increased taking into account individual tolerance. There are no data on the use of the drug in patients with severe liver dysfunction .
The drug Alzepil ® is not intended for the treatment of children and adolescents .
Overdose
It is estimated that the median lethal dose of donepezil hydrochloride after a single oral dose in mice and rats is 45 mg / kg and 32 mg / kg, respectively, which is approximately 225 and 160 times higher than the maximum recommended dose for humans of 10 mg / kg / day . The animals showed dose-dependent signs of stimulation of the cholinergic system, which included decreased spontaneous mobility, prone position, staggering gait, lacrimation, clonic seizures, respiratory depression, salivation, miosis , fasciculations, and a decrease in body surface temperature.
Symptoms: An overdose of cholinesterase inhibitors can lead to a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, drooling, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, collapse, and seizures. Muscle weakness may increase, which can lead to death if the respiratory muscles are affected.
Treatment: As with any overdose, general supportive treatment should be given. Tertiary anticholinergic drugs, for example, atropine, can be used as antidotes in case of an overdose of Alzepil ® . Recommended intravenous administration of atropine sulfate in increasing doses until the effect is achieved: first, 1-2 mg / kg intravenous is administered, followed by additional doses depending on the clinical response. Atypical reactions in blood pressure and heart rate have been reported with the introduction of other cholinomimetics together with quaternary anticholinergic drugs, for example, glycopyrrolate . It is not known whether it is possible to eliminate donepezil hydrochloride and / or its metabolites by dialysis (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or hemofiltration ).
Drug interactions
Donepezil and / or its metabolic products do not inhibit the metabolism of theophylline, warfarin , cimetidine , digoxin . Concomitant use of digoxin or cimetidine does not affect the metabolism of donepezil .
Studies in vitro have shown that the metabolism of donepezil used part isozymes of cytochrome P450 - 3A4, and to a lesser extent - 2 D 6. ketoconazole and quinidine , are inhibitors of CYP 3 A 4 and CYP 2 D 6, respectively, inhibit the metabolism of donepezil . Consequently, these and other CYP 3 A 4 inhibitors such as itraconazole and erythromycin and CYP 2 D 6 inhibitors such as fluoxetine may inhibit donepezil metabolism . In healthy volunteers, ketoconazole increased mean donepezil concentrations by about 30%. Enzyme inducers such as rifampicin , phenytoin , carbamazepine, and ethanol can cause a decrease in donepezil concentration . Since the extent of this inhibitory or inducing effect is unknown, caution should be exercised when using such agents in combination with donepezil .
Donepezil has an effect on the action of drugs with anticholinergic activity. In addition, with the simultaneous use of donepezil, it can enhance the effect of succinylcholine , other muscle relaxants or cholinergic receptor agonists and beta-blockers, which affect cardiac conduction.
Application during pregnancy and lactation
There is no experience of using the drug in women during pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
Animal studies have not shown a teratogenic effect of donepezil , however, peri- and postnatal toxicity has been established. The potential risk to humans is unknown. Therefore, Alzepil ® should not be used during pregnancy, unless treatment is absolutely necessary.
In rats, donepezil is excreted in milk. It is not known whether the drug is excreted in breast milk in lactating women; such studies have not been conducted. If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, the question of stopping breastfeeding should be resolved.
Side effect
The most common adverse events are diarrhea, muscle cramps, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia. Dizziness, headache, pain, accidents and colds have also been reported. In most cases, these phenomena disappear and do not require discontinuation of drug administration.
Determination of the frequency of adverse reactions: very often (≥1 / 10), often (≥1 / 100, <1/10), infrequently (≥1 / 1000, ≤1 / 100), rarely (≥1 / 10,000, ≤1 / 1000), very rare (≤1 / 10,000), the frequency is unknown (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Mental disorders: often - hallucinations **, agitation **, aggressive behavior **, abnormal dreams, nightmares **.
From the nervous system: often - fainting *, dizziness, insomnia; infrequently - convulsive seizures *; rarely - extrapyramidal symptoms; very rarely - ZNS.
From the side of the cardiovascular system: infrequently - bradycardia; rarely - sinoatrial blockade, AV blockade.
From the digestive system: very often - diarrhea, nausea; often - vomiting, dyspepsia; infrequently - bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers; rarely - liver dysfunction, incl . hepatitis***.
On the part of the skin and subcutaneous tissues: often - rash, itching.
From the musculoskeletal system: often - muscle spasms; very rarely - rhabdomyolysis ****.
From the urinary system: often - urinary incontinence.
On the part of laboratory and instrumental studies: infrequently - a slight increase in the activity of muscle CPK in the blood serum.
Others: often - runny nose, fatigue, pain, accident.
* When evaluating patients with fainting or seizures, the possibility of heart block or prolonged sinus pauses should be considered.
** When registering cases of the development of hallucinations, agitation and aggressive behavior, abnormal dreams and nightmares, it was reported that these manifestations stopped after dose reduction or drug withdrawal.
*** In case of violation of the liver of unknown etiology should consider discontinuation of the drug Alzepil ® .
**** There have been reports of rhabdomyolysis , which developed independently of the NNS, in close temporal relationship either with the initiation of donepezil or with an increase in dose.
The provision of data on the expected adverse reactions of the drug is very important to allow continuous monitoring of the risk / benefit ratio of the drug. Health care providers should be provided with information on any suspected adverse reactions through the contacts listed at the end of the instructions, as well as through the national information collection system.
Contraindications for use
special instructions
The efficacy of donepezil has not been established in patients with severe Alzheimer's dementia , other types of dementia, or memory impairment (eg, age-related decline in cognitive function).
Alzepil ® is a cholinesterase inhibitor , and therefore the drug can enhance succinylcholine relaxation of muscles during anesthesia.
Cardiovascular disorders
Inhibitors of Cholinesterase , due to their pharmacological action, can exert vagotonic effects on heart rate (e.g., cause bradycardia). The possibility of such an action should be especially taken into account in case of SSA or other disorders of AV conduction, for example, with sinoatrial blockade or AV blockade.
Fainting and seizures have been reported. When examining such patients, the possibility of heart block or long pauses in sinus rhythm should be considered.
Gastrointestinal dysfunction
Patients with an increased risk of ulceration, such as those with a history of peptic ulcer disease or those receiving concomitant NSAID treatment, need to be monitored for symptoms of ulceration . However, clinical trials of donepezil compared with placebo did not show an increase in the incidence of peptic ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding.
urinary system
Cholinomimetics can cause impaired urine flow from the bladder, but such effects have not been observed in clinical trials of donepezil .
Neurological conditions
It is believed that cholinomimetics have some propensity to provoke generalized seizures. However, seizure activity can also be a manifestation of Alzheimer's disease.
Cholinomimetics can exacerbate or cause extrapyramidal symptoms.
ZNS
ZNS is a potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by hyperthermia (fever), muscle stiffness, disorders of the autonomic nervous system, altered consciousness, and increased serum CPK activity. Additional symptoms may include myoglobinuria ( rhabdomyolysis ) and acute renal failure.
There are very rare reports of the development of NNS associated with the use of donepezil , especially in patients also receiving concomitant antipsychotic drug therapy.
If the patient develops signs and symptoms of NMS or has an unexplained high fever without additional clinical manifestations, treatment should be discontinued.
Lung function disorders
Inhibitors of cholinesterase , due to their pharmacological effects, should be used with caution in patients who have indications in the history of asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease. Avoid the simultaneous administration of the drug Alzepil ® and other inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase , as well as agonists or antagonists of the cholinergic system.
Severe liver dysfunction
There are no data on the use of the drug in patients with severe liver dysfunction.
Mortality in vascular dementia clinical trials
Three clinical trials with a duration of 6 months were conducted with the participation of patients who met the NINDS - AIREN criteria for possible or probable vascular dementia (DM). The NINDS - AIREN criteria are designed to identify patients in whom dementia can only be associated with vascular causes and to exclude patients with Alzheimer 's disease .
In the first study, the death rate was 2/198 (1%) in the 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride group, 5/206 (2.4%) in the 10 mg donepezil hydrochloride group , and 7/199 (3.5% ) in the placebo group. In the second study, the death rate was 4/208 (1.9%) in the 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride group, 3/215 (1.4%) in the 10 mg donepezil hydrochloride group , and 1/193 (0.5% ) in the placebo group. In the third study, the death rate was 11/648 (1.7%) in the 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride group and 0/326 (0%) in the placebo group. The death rate in all groups receiving donepezil hydrochloride was numerically higher in the three DM studies (1.7%) than in the placebo group (1.1), but this difference was not statistically significant. Most deaths in patients taking donepezil hydrochloride or placebo were due to various vascular disorders that are expected in this population of elderly people with concomitant vascular lesions. Analysis of all serious non-fatal and fatal vascular disorders revealed no difference in the frequency of their occurrence in the groups receiving donepezil hydrochloride and placebo.
In the pooled study of Alzheimer's disease ( n = 4146), as well as the same study of Alzheimer's disease with the addition of studies of vascular dementia (total number of patients 6888), mortality rates in the placebo groups outnumbered those in the groups treated with donepezil hydrochloride.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and use mechanisms
Donepezil has an insignificant or moderate effect on the ability to drive and operate machinery.
Dementia of the Alzheimer's type itself may be associated with impaired ability to control the car and the use of technology. The ability of a patient with Alzheimer's type dementia to drive a car or use complex equipment while taking donepezil should be decided by the physician after assessing the patient's individual response to treatment.
Application for impaired renal function
Patients with impaired renal function do not need to change the treatment regimen, because this condition does not affect the clearance of donepezil .
Application for violations of liver function
In case of mild or moderate impairment of liver function, the dose of the drug should be increased taking into account individual tolerance.
There are no data on the use of the drug in patients with severe liver dysfunction.
Film-coated tablets of white or almost white color, round, biconvex, engraved with " E 381" on one side, odorless or almost odorless.
| 1 tab . | |
| donepezil hydrochloride monohydrate | 5.21 mg , |
| which corresponds to the content of donepezil hydrochloride | 5 mg |
Excipients : microcrystalline cellulose - 96 mg, hydroxypropyl cellulose
Pharmaco- therapeutic group
Dementia Treatment, Cholinesterase Inhibitor
Storage conditions
The drug should be stored out of the reach of children at a temperature not exceeding 30 ° C.
Shelf life
The shelf life is 5 years. Do not use the drug after the expiration date.
pharmachologic effect
Selective and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase , which is the main predominant type of cholinesterase in the brain. In vitro, donepezil inhibits this enzyme more than 1000 times more than butyrylcholinesterase , an enzyme that is found mainly outside the CNS.
A single dose of 5 mg or 10 mg in an equilibrium state is accompanied by inhibition of cholinesterase activity (estimated on a model of erythrocyte membranes) by 63.6% and 77.3%, respectively. The ability of donepezil hydrochloride to inhibit erythrocyte cholinesterase activity correlates with changes in results on the ADAS - cog scale , which is a sensitive tool for assessing changes in cognitive function. The ability of donepezil hydrochloride to alter the course of associated neurological changes has not been studied. Thus, donepezil cannot be considered to influence disease progression.
The efficacy of donepezil was investigated in four placebo-controlled studies, two six months and two one year.
In a six-month clinical trial, analysis was performed using three efficacy criteria after completion of donepezil . We used the ADAS - Cog scale (an indicator of cognitive function); a scale of the clinician's impressions of changes based on interviews and data from caregivers (an indicator of overall level of function); subscale of daily activity of the clinical scale for assessing dementia (an indicator of the patient's ability to participate in the life of society, to do household chores, favorite things, to care for himself).
Patients who met the criteria below were considered to have responded to treatment.
Answer = improvement on the ADAS - Cog scale of at least 4 points, no worsening on the CIBIC scale , no worsening on the daily activity subscale of the clinical dementia score.
| % Reply | ||
| Patients who were prescribed treatment (" ITT - Intent to treat "), n = 365 | Population that could be analyzed, n = 352 | |
| Placebo group | 10% | 10% |
| Group receiving donepezil hydrochloride 5 mg | 18%* | 18%* |
| Group receiving donepezil hydrochloride 10 mg | 21% * | 22% ** |
* p <0.05, ** p <0.01
Donepezil hydrochloride caused a dose-dependent , statistically significant increase in the percentage of patients who were found to be responders.
Indications
- symptomatic treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type.
Method of application, course and dosage
The drug is taken orally, preferably in the evening before bedtime.
Treatment should be initiated and supervised by a physician experienced in the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's dementia . The diagnosis should be based on accepted recommendations, for example, DSM - IV , ICD-10. Treatment with donepezil should only be started with a caregiver who can monitor the drug regularly.
Adults, incl . elderly patients
Treatment begins with the use of the drug at a dose of 5 mg 1 time / day and continues for at least 4 weeks to achieve C ss donepezil and to assess the early clinical effect of therapy.
After 1 month, the dose of Alzepil ® can be increased to 10 mg 1 time / day , which is the maximum recommended daily dose. Doses exceeding 10 mg / day have not been studied in clinical studies.
Maintenance therapy can be continued as long as the therapeutic effect persists, which should be regularly evaluated. In the absence of a therapeutic effect, treatment withdrawal should be considered.
After discontinuation of the drug, there may be a gradual decrease in the beneficial effect of treatment.
Patients with impaired renal function do not need to change the treatment regimen, because this condition does not affect the clearance of donepezil .
Due to a possible increase in exposure in case of mild or moderate liver dysfunction, the dose of the drug should be increased taking into account individual tolerance. There are no data on the use of the drug in patients with severe liver dysfunction .
The drug Alzepil ® is not intended for the treatment of children and adolescents .
Overdose
It is estimated that the median lethal dose of donepezil hydrochloride after a single oral dose in mice and rats is 45 mg / kg and 32 mg / kg, respectively, which is approximately 225 and 160 times higher than the maximum recommended dose for humans of 10 mg / kg / day . The animals showed dose-dependent signs of stimulation of the cholinergic system, which included decreased spontaneous mobility, prone position, staggering gait, lacrimation, clonic seizures, respiratory depression, salivation, miosis , fasciculations, and a decrease in body surface temperature.
Symptoms: An overdose of cholinesterase inhibitors can lead to a cholinergic crisis characterized by severe nausea, vomiting, drooling, sweating, bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, collapse, and seizures. Muscle weakness may increase, which can lead to death if the respiratory muscles are affected.
Treatment: As with any overdose, general supportive treatment should be given. Tertiary anticholinergic drugs, for example, atropine, can be used as antidotes in case of an overdose of Alzepil ® . Recommended intravenous administration of atropine sulfate in increasing doses until the effect is achieved: first, 1-2 mg / kg intravenous is administered, followed by additional doses depending on the clinical response. Atypical reactions in blood pressure and heart rate have been reported with the introduction of other cholinomimetics together with quaternary anticholinergic drugs, for example, glycopyrrolate . It is not known whether it is possible to eliminate donepezil hydrochloride and / or its metabolites by dialysis (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, or hemofiltration ).
Drug interactions
Donepezil and / or its metabolic products do not inhibit the metabolism of theophylline, warfarin , cimetidine , digoxin . Concomitant use of digoxin or cimetidine does not affect the metabolism of donepezil .
Studies in vitro have shown that the metabolism of donepezil used part isozymes of cytochrome P450 - 3A4, and to a lesser extent - 2 D 6. ketoconazole and quinidine , are inhibitors of CYP 3 A 4 and CYP 2 D 6, respectively, inhibit the metabolism of donepezil . Consequently, these and other CYP 3 A 4 inhibitors such as itraconazole and erythromycin and CYP 2 D 6 inhibitors such as fluoxetine may inhibit donepezil metabolism . In healthy volunteers, ketoconazole increased mean donepezil concentrations by about 30%. Enzyme inducers such as rifampicin , phenytoin , carbamazepine, and ethanol can cause a decrease in donepezil concentration . Since the extent of this inhibitory or inducing effect is unknown, caution should be exercised when using such agents in combination with donepezil .
Donepezil has an effect on the action of drugs with anticholinergic activity. In addition, with the simultaneous use of donepezil, it can enhance the effect of succinylcholine , other muscle relaxants or cholinergic receptor agonists and beta-blockers, which affect cardiac conduction.
Application during pregnancy and lactation
There is no experience of using the drug in women during pregnancy and during breastfeeding.
Animal studies have not shown a teratogenic effect of donepezil , however, peri- and postnatal toxicity has been established. The potential risk to humans is unknown. Therefore, Alzepil ® should not be used during pregnancy, unless treatment is absolutely necessary.
In rats, donepezil is excreted in milk. It is not known whether the drug is excreted in breast milk in lactating women; such studies have not been conducted. If it is necessary to use the drug during lactation, the question of stopping breastfeeding should be resolved.
Side effect
The most common adverse events are diarrhea, muscle cramps, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia. Dizziness, headache, pain, accidents and colds have also been reported. In most cases, these phenomena disappear and do not require discontinuation of drug administration.
Determination of the frequency of adverse reactions: very often (≥1 / 10), often (≥1 / 100, <1/10), infrequently (≥1 / 1000, ≤1 / 100), rarely (≥1 / 10,000, ≤1 / 1000), very rare (≤1 / 10,000), the frequency is unknown (cannot be estimated from the available data).
Mental disorders: often - hallucinations **, agitation **, aggressive behavior **, abnormal dreams, nightmares **.
From the nervous system: often - fainting *, dizziness, insomnia; infrequently - convulsive seizures *; rarely - extrapyramidal symptoms; very rarely - ZNS.
From the side of the cardiovascular system: infrequently - bradycardia; rarely - sinoatrial blockade, AV blockade.
From the digestive system: very often - diarrhea, nausea; often - vomiting, dyspepsia; infrequently - bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract, stomach ulcers and duodenal ulcers; rarely - liver dysfunction, incl . hepatitis***.
On the part of the skin and subcutaneous tissues: often - rash, itching.
From the musculoskeletal system: often - muscle spasms; very rarely - rhabdomyolysis ****.
From the urinary system: often - urinary incontinence.
On the part of laboratory and instrumental studies: infrequently - a slight increase in the activity of muscle CPK in the blood serum.
Others: often - runny nose, fatigue, pain, accident.
* When evaluating patients with fainting or seizures, the possibility of heart block or prolonged sinus pauses should be considered.
** When registering cases of the development of hallucinations, agitation and aggressive behavior, abnormal dreams and nightmares, it was reported that these manifestations stopped after dose reduction or drug withdrawal.
*** In case of violation of the liver of unknown etiology should consider discontinuation of the drug Alzepil ® .
**** There have been reports of rhabdomyolysis , which developed independently of the NNS, in close temporal relationship either with the initiation of donepezil or with an increase in dose.
The provision of data on the expected adverse reactions of the drug is very important to allow continuous monitoring of the risk / benefit ratio of the drug. Health care providers should be provided with information on any suspected adverse reactions through the contacts listed at the end of the instructions, as well as through the national information collection system.
Contraindications for use
- hypersensitivity to the active substance, piperidine derivatives and any of the excipients;
- children under 18 years of age (due to the lack of clinical data).
special instructions
The efficacy of donepezil has not been established in patients with severe Alzheimer's dementia , other types of dementia, or memory impairment (eg, age-related decline in cognitive function).
Alzepil ® is a cholinesterase inhibitor , and therefore the drug can enhance succinylcholine relaxation of muscles during anesthesia.
Cardiovascular disorders
Inhibitors of Cholinesterase , due to their pharmacological action, can exert vagotonic effects on heart rate (e.g., cause bradycardia). The possibility of such an action should be especially taken into account in case of SSA or other disorders of AV conduction, for example, with sinoatrial blockade or AV blockade.
Fainting and seizures have been reported. When examining such patients, the possibility of heart block or long pauses in sinus rhythm should be considered.
Gastrointestinal dysfunction
Patients with an increased risk of ulceration, such as those with a history of peptic ulcer disease or those receiving concomitant NSAID treatment, need to be monitored for symptoms of ulceration . However, clinical trials of donepezil compared with placebo did not show an increase in the incidence of peptic ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding.
urinary system
Cholinomimetics can cause impaired urine flow from the bladder, but such effects have not been observed in clinical trials of donepezil .
Neurological conditions
It is believed that cholinomimetics have some propensity to provoke generalized seizures. However, seizure activity can also be a manifestation of Alzheimer's disease.
Cholinomimetics can exacerbate or cause extrapyramidal symptoms.
ZNS
ZNS is a potentially life-threatening disorder characterized by hyperthermia (fever), muscle stiffness, disorders of the autonomic nervous system, altered consciousness, and increased serum CPK activity. Additional symptoms may include myoglobinuria ( rhabdomyolysis ) and acute renal failure.
There are very rare reports of the development of NNS associated with the use of donepezil , especially in patients also receiving concomitant antipsychotic drug therapy.
If the patient develops signs and symptoms of NMS or has an unexplained high fever without additional clinical manifestations, treatment should be discontinued.
Lung function disorders
Inhibitors of cholinesterase , due to their pharmacological effects, should be used with caution in patients who have indications in the history of asthma or obstructive pulmonary disease. Avoid the simultaneous administration of the drug Alzepil ® and other inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase , as well as agonists or antagonists of the cholinergic system.
Severe liver dysfunction
There are no data on the use of the drug in patients with severe liver dysfunction.
Mortality in vascular dementia clinical trials
Three clinical trials with a duration of 6 months were conducted with the participation of patients who met the NINDS - AIREN criteria for possible or probable vascular dementia (DM). The NINDS - AIREN criteria are designed to identify patients in whom dementia can only be associated with vascular causes and to exclude patients with Alzheimer 's disease .
In the first study, the death rate was 2/198 (1%) in the 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride group, 5/206 (2.4%) in the 10 mg donepezil hydrochloride group , and 7/199 (3.5% ) in the placebo group. In the second study, the death rate was 4/208 (1.9%) in the 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride group, 3/215 (1.4%) in the 10 mg donepezil hydrochloride group , and 1/193 (0.5% ) in the placebo group. In the third study, the death rate was 11/648 (1.7%) in the 5 mg donepezil hydrochloride group and 0/326 (0%) in the placebo group. The death rate in all groups receiving donepezil hydrochloride was numerically higher in the three DM studies (1.7%) than in the placebo group (1.1), but this difference was not statistically significant. Most deaths in patients taking donepezil hydrochloride or placebo were due to various vascular disorders that are expected in this population of elderly people with concomitant vascular lesions. Analysis of all serious non-fatal and fatal vascular disorders revealed no difference in the frequency of their occurrence in the groups receiving donepezil hydrochloride and placebo.
In the pooled study of Alzheimer's disease ( n = 4146), as well as the same study of Alzheimer's disease with the addition of studies of vascular dementia (total number of patients 6888), mortality rates in the placebo groups outnumbered those in the groups treated with donepezil hydrochloride.
Influence on the ability to drive vehicles and use mechanisms
Donepezil has an insignificant or moderate effect on the ability to drive and operate machinery.
Dementia of the Alzheimer's type itself may be associated with impaired ability to control the car and the use of technology. The ability of a patient with Alzheimer's type dementia to drive a car or use complex equipment while taking donepezil should be decided by the physician after assessing the patient's individual response to treatment.
Application for impaired renal function
Patients with impaired renal function do not need to change the treatment regimen, because this condition does not affect the clearance of donepezil .
Application for violations of liver function
In case of mild or moderate impairment of liver function, the dose of the drug should be increased taking into account individual tolerance.
There are no data on the use of the drug in patients with severe liver dysfunction.
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